The SANS Top 20 Internet Security Vulnerabilities

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The SANS Top 20 Internet Security Vulnerabilities

The vast majority of worms and other successful cyber attacks are made possible by vulnerabilities in a small number of common operating system services. Attackers are opportunistic. They take the easiest and most convenient route and exploit the best-known flaws with the most effective and widely available attack tools. They count on organizations not fixing the problems, and they often attack indiscriminately, scanning the Internet for any vulnerable systems. The easy and destructive spread of worms, such as Blaster, Slammer, and Code Red, can be traced directly to exploitation of unpatched vulnerabilities.

Four years ago, the SANS Institute and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) at the FBI released a document summarizing the Ten Most Critical Internet Security Vulnerabilities. Thousands of organizations used that list, and the expanded Top-20 lists that followed one, two, and three years later, to prioritize their efforts so they could close the most dangerous holes first. The vulnerable services that led to worms like Blaster, Slammer, and Code Red, as well as NIMDA worms - are on that list.

This SANS Top-20 2004 is actually two Top Ten lists: the ten most commonly exploited vulnerable services in Windows and the ten most commonly exploited vulnerable services in UNIX and Linux. Although there are thousands of security incidents each year affecting these operating systems, the overwhelming majority of successful attacks target one or more of these twenty vulnerable services.

The Top-20 is a consensus list of vulnerabilities that require immediate remediation. It is the result of a process that brought together dozens of leading security experts. They come from the most security-conscious government agencies in the UK, US, and Singapore; the leading security software vendors and consulting firms; the top university-based security programs; many other user organizations; and the SANS Institute. A list of participants may be found at the end of this document.

The SANS Top-20 is a living document. It includes step-by-step instructions and pointers to additional information useful for correcting the security flaws. We will update the list and the instructions as more critical threats and more current or convenient methods of protection are identified, and we welcome your input along the way. This is a community consensus document -- your experience in fighting attackers and in eliminating the vulnerabilities can help others who come after you. Please send suggestions via e-mail to top20@sans.org

[b]Top Vulnerabilities to Windows Systems[/b]

W1 Web Servers & Services
W2 Workstation Service
W3 Windows Remote Access Services
W4 Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL)
W5 Windows Authentication
W6 Web Browsers
W7 File-Sharing Applications
W8 LSAS Exposures
W9 Mail Client
W10 Instant Messaging

[b]Top Vulnerabilities to UNIX Systems[/b]

U1 BIND Domain Name System
U2 Web Server
U3 Authentication
U4 Version Control Systems
U5 Mail Transport Service
U6 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
U7 Open Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
U8 Misconfiguration of Enterprise Services NIS/NFS
U9 Databases
U10 Kernel

[url=\"http://www.sans.org/top20/\"]Click here to read more about the listed vulnerabilities.[/url]